Vertebral Columns Spring 2025 Issue

In the lead article for this issue, Dr. Kern Singh and his team examine the role of gut health in degenerative disc disease. Additional articles discuss assessing degenerative changes in the cervical spine, the impact of lumbar laterolisthesis, diagnosis of lumbar pseudoarthrosis, segmental plating for multilevel ACDF, adjacent segment disease, the MILD procedure, the value trainees bring to hospital systems, and a primer on direct-to-employer contracting.